Resource Allocation and Management (RAM) in Computer Networks has been an active research topic for decades. The complexity of the problem has increased for many reasons, such as the available mix of many different networks and scarce network resources along with an exponential increase in user demands and types of applications. An additional problem in wireless networks is that the frequency spectrum is fixed while the user demands are growing exponentially. Therefore, the problem is how to use the limited resources over the diverse networks efficiently to meet application specific requirements, such as throughput, delay, and delay jitter. In this dissertation, our focus is on three main research areas over three different networks - Part I: Congestion control in Datacenter Networks (DCNs), Part II: Resource allocation and management in IEEE 802.16 WiMAX Networks, and Part III: Resource management in Next Generation Wireless Networks (NGWNs). These three parts reflect the growing complexity of the problem space and the sequence of latest developments in the networking industry.